List of Postings of User Skutter
12 Step Program 2-2 2-8
Radiometric Dating 8-9
Photos of animals. 87-1 88-5
Male Circumcision: Religious Stupidity or Genuine Benefit? 85-10
Bible Contradictions 23-6 24-3
The Historical Jesus - Did He Exist? 81-3
Sexuality according to the Word of God 2-5
Evolution of the whale 3-10
Why are you an atheist? 26-2
How many Aussies are here 5-3 10-4 10-8 31-1 32-3 32-5 66-2
Moses must have been a mad man 5-4 5-9
If creationism is right, what other sciences must be wrong? 3-8
Hi from Australia 1-4
"It's time to stomp out atheists..." 3-9 5-2
Mr. Dawkins 3-2
If you could only turn 1 theist atheist that you knew, who? 3-7
Totally converted Christian 3-4
An introduction 1-4
Know any good Atheist jokes? 1-3
masturbation break 2-1
How many of you have NEVER been religious? 4-7
Looking for non-bible readings for a wedding. 2-2
What turned you off to religion? Question from a Christian 9-6
Atheism in America 3-2
Walking in Nature, Admiring the Designer's Handicraft 1-2 1-3
what is the 'glory of god'? -christian sermon 1-6
The God Delusion Ad!!! 1-6
Consolation for Atheists.. 3-9
Nature lover picture thread 38-8 38-10
Conversion using fear is more dangerous! 2-10 3-3 3-5
He Who Has Ears Let Him Hear 3-7 3-10 7-8 8-10 9-5
Cane toads in Australia evolving 1-1 1-3 1-9
From the Antipodes 1-3
Non for me thank you 1-3
The Mere Existence Of Knowledge Proves God's Existence 4-7
What does an Atheist do when a Religious prays? 6-4
Favourite YouTube Videos 35-5
Drugs, Addiction, and 12-Step Higher Power Mania 1-5
Coming out of the closet 3-8
Well, it's finally happened. 1-3
The League of the Unfortunately Named 10-10
Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed, Part I 18-6 78-7 79-1 79-3 79-6 79-9 79-10 80-2
The Picture Thread 9-7 82-5 82-6 83-10 84-8 85-2 85-3 85-4 85-10 88-2
The Picture Comment Thread 29-7
GI says he's harassed for atheism 4-5
The Top 10 Atheist Songs 8-1
I have declared Australia as ours 4-7
Evolution and Atheism 1-7
Ever heard of Ian Wishart 7-5
Are You There, Mister Dawkins? It's Me, Teci :) 26-2 75-3 75-10 76-10
A Miracle of Jesus As Historical Evidence 4-7 23-2 31-3
Question for Christians about the Gospels 11-1
Speaking out (but a wee bit nervously) 5-2
A Testable Model Of The Resurrection 1-5
discrediting reports of amazing miracles 3-3
Lamest Creationist Argument Award. 10-2
The Central Absurdity Of Inerrancy 6-2
If everything fulfills a funtion, then should we to? 9-1
Creationist posts 1-9
How loving is it really? 2-1 2-3 2-7 3-6
If Christ Doesn't Exist, Then Dawkins is a Hologram! 2-9 4-9
Why are Australian atheists cleverer than those in the US? 4-10
elfprincess on The God Delusion 61-5 76-7 102-4
Plan to dig up Padre Pio attacked 1-9
Breathtakingly intelligent and wittily sarcastic letter 16-4
Save the Whales - Boycott Japanese goods? 19-7
Jesus Christ 6-3 11-9 20-7
Why Do They Come Here? 73-4 76-3 77-8 77-10 78-2 80-7 84-8
All human beings are fools! 3-6
You evil atheists!! 3-10
Britain is Repossessing the U.S.A. 6-5
Ben Stein on The O'Reilly Factor 2-9
ANONYMOUS War on Scientology 16-1
Girl switches blood type after liver transplant 1-1
BBC Radio 4: Thought for the Day 29-5
State of Nation - Stem Cell Research 1-4
Question about knowing the Bible as an atheist 1-7
Perfect toast 1-4 3-9
Iran isolated from world after triple cable cut 1-2 3-3
What sacrifice? 4-7
German Authorities Slam "The God Delusion" for Kids 3-5
the effect of atheists on society 1-10 4-10 5-2 16-2
Can Margarine Cause Blindness? - Myth??? 2-1
Help with an equation needed 1-4
Why Dawkins failed to convince me 1-8
Adam & Eve 4-6 5-6
Ann Coulter: "Godless: Church of Liberalism" 2-7
New Testament - when it was written 2-7 3-10 4-2 5-4 7-4 7-5 20-6 20-8 22-8 23-2
USA: Still jumpy since 9/11? 1-10
Ian Wishart Pays RD.net A Visit 8-2 8-3 16-2 16-6 28-7 29-4 30-2 35-7 35-8 35-9 38-1 44-7 44-9 48-2 48-7 60-3 60-5 60-9 60-10 61-6 61-9 61-10 62-2 62-9 63-3 64-4 64-7 66-6 66-7 66-10 67-3 67-7 67-8 68-3 68-5 74-1 74-4 76-9 79-5
What Kind Of Wildlife Is There In Your Backyard Or Nearby 7-9
Discrepancies in Bible turn scholar into agnostic 1-3 1-5 2-2
Editorial: An Open Letter To Theists 10-4 11-3 12-3 14-1 14-2
Creationist Ken Ham - Flyer. Help! 8-3 9-10 10-2 11-8 13-10 17-5 18-9 19-1 19-3 20-1 20-6 22-8 29-3 29-8 31-5 31-8 31-10 33-10 34-7 36-1
Ricky Gervais: My Argument With God 2-6 2-10 3-2 4-9 7-3
Formal Debate Challenge: Is the Bible Inspired of God? 17-7 30-2 30-5 40-10
Benny Hinn robs some people 1-10 2-6
Creationist Discoveries 4-1 5-5 5-6 5-8 8-5
Earthquake UK 00:56 27Feb 5.2Rs Market Rasen 3-10
Wither the Appendix? 19-2
Is anything in the bible original, useful AND true? 7-2
Women are taking over the RD forum. 3-2
Woman jailed for teapot worship 1-1 1-7 2-3 3-6 3-7
How well accepted is this theory? 1-8
William Lane Craig 34-8 36-9 44-3 63-9 64-3 67-6 67-7
Christian conference, need questions for presenters 1-8
Wackiest things you've heard from Christians 13-1 13-3 14-1
ignorant question 1-8 2-1 2-8
NY Governor Spitzer Involved in a prostitution ring? 6-6
What are everyone's side activities? 10-4 13-5 13-6 15-3
"Darwin was a Racist" Abusive Ad Hom 3-4 15-8 15-10 16-5 16-10
Help from the home of the Creationist museum. 2-5
Saudi women drivers make video protest 1-8
F'ing winds 1-6
You May Be a Taliban If...... 1-1
Evolution Of Whales 1-10
The true confession thread 4-4
Funny Pictures 1-4
Meteorites a rich source for primordial soup 1-7
Mercy Ministries / Hillsong / Gloria Jean's Coffee 1-8 3-8 4-1 4-5 5-9 6-2
Sydney, Australia: World Youth Day 2008 Popery Festival 32-5
For Cali, on Biblical Exterminationism 1-4
Philippines warns 'crucifixion bad for health' 1-8
Nice one Richard! 3-6 4-1
'Revelation Space' by Alastair Reynolds 1-6
easter 2-9
Proving a negative 43-9 44-2 49-1 49-3 53-7 59-4 95-2
Kevin Rudd wants to raise the drinking age to 21? Bad Idea. 1-8
FSM statue in Tennessee 2-8
I've found a transitional life-form! 1-6
Holy Water 'miracle' of burning F3 Commodore 1-5
Atheists as mass murderers 2-1
What is the collective noun for creationists? 1-7
The "special" status of humans 6-7 6-10 7-2
Student teacher in desperation 1-5
Another Depressing Moment 2-1 2-3
Cardinal wants priviliged position in making policy 4-7
Questions 12-4 14-6 18-2 18-3 18-4 19-1 24-2 38-10 48-6 48-10 49-4 55-4 60-7
Playing the Miracle Card 1-8
"It's dangerous for children to know atheism exists!" 8-4 9-4 10-3 11-7 14-5 15-4
the nearest aviators have to a god... 1-6 1-7
Churches Condemn Cult of Health 1-6
Some christians see 666 in the Obama logo 3-7 3-8
Creationist newbie 2-2 11-2 19-9 20-5
The Disproof: Because I'm Sick of People Asking for It 1-3
Admit your sins to the Lord, priest tells gay judge 1-1 1-4 1-10
How can disbelief be a sin? 7-1 7-6 7-7 7-10
An Outright Lie? 2-7
Leaving Catholicism. Help needed. 3-2
My Christian Faith: Exposed 3-8 3-10
Don't forget to eat your veggies!!! 2-8
Death and What Comes Next (Terry Pratchett) 1-1
Bible study of doom 4-2 4-8
Praying Man Ejected From Airplane 1-7 2-1
Irrationality in Atheists 3-5
Hi. I'm not an atheist 3-1 3-4
6 Reasons Not to be an atheist 5-9 7-5
Hi! Christian jumping into the lions den. 5-5
God's Alleged Character Flaws 1-7 2-8 3-2
Here we go again ... another preventable death ... 5-9 6-2
My dilemma 1-10 3-1
Outed by an Atheist Joke at work 7-5
So Dawkins isn't quite sure of himself? 5-5
The God of the Bible 66-7 73-3 76-8 77-8 77-9 82-2 86-5 89-6
Creationists Should Learn to Play the Game Called Science 1-4
I got on an a Masters Degree! 2-6
Regulating Creationist Newbies 1-2
Creationist question hour 8-8 10-2 12-9 16-10 17-9 19-4
Eye socket Conundrum. 2-1 2-6 3-5 7-1 7-3 8-2
Did you jump any "moral" fence thanks to atheism? 2-9
A Cardigan Thread Just for JimC! 1-5
Discussion With A Theist 9-7 9-9 10-2 10-5 11-2 12-9 15-1 15-10 16-5 18-3 19-5 20-5
Pictures of You, Thread Part Deux! 26-8 51-2 51-3 51-7 63-1 65-5 87-3
Black Sabbath 1-3
Ask a fundie!!! 21-7 22-2
Aussie Atheists 7-10 10-7 10-10
I Was Flabbergasted by a 60 Year Old Man... 4-4
55 Million Year Old Parrot Found 1-3
I am a Christian and a Science major in college 8-1
Denied morning after pill by Religious Pharmacist 1-8
The Phoenix has landed 7-1
Town moves against Islamic school 8-6
CA Ford Dealer Ad Tells Non-Christians: Sit Down and Shut Up 2-6 2-8
Are People on this Forum... 1-6
What Does the Religious Right Fear the Most? 1-8 2-1
A question for Mike Cullen on Sex 1-3 4-4 5-7
Louisiana's latest creationism bill moves to House floor 1-2
Veoh Bart Ehrman 1-2
God, Actually (A new flea) 3-2 3-3 3-9 3-10 4-2 4-4 4-10 5-2 5-7 6-8 7-3 8-1 8-4 8-7 8-9 9-4 9-7
Now that I've come to face my mortality.... 1-3
most profound personal realiziations 1-5
Cherie Blair attacks Richard Dawkins 3-2
Reading Genesis 5-9
Why you are, or aren't, rich - new study 1-3
Proof Jesus is our Saviour 2-9
is atheism depressing? 2-7
Finally getting the courage to face the world as it is 2-2
Growing your own fruit & vegetables 2-4 4-3
Weird Deep Sea Creatures 4-10
We Urgently Need Your Help Now!! 1-6
Conservapedia wants to see Lenski's research data 2-2 14-3
Excellent Letter In The Independent Re Blair 1-2
AiG's scientific response to Lenski's paper on E. coli 1-2 2-3
Are you afraid to tell people you're an atheist? 7-8
Greetings from a new military member 1-3 1-10 2-4
Oil hits $140 a barrel 2-3
Queen appreciation thread 1-7 2-7 2-10 4-8 4-9 4-10 5-3
The Problem With Atheists 1-4 12-1 16-4
She spent 12 hours in heaven; 700 club was there 1-10
Exorcism annihilates atheism 14-5
The TV Series Red Dwarf.... 3-6 3-7
Question re: new species 1-7
Demonic Possesion 2-7
Why the theory of evolution is mathematically impossible 1-10 3-1 3-7 4-2 5-6 10-8 12-4 13-7 14-5 18-10 19-10 30-1 34-2 37-7 47-5 47-10 48-6 49-9 52-2 52-5 53-9 56-3 56-6 60-3 60-7 61-5 61-9 62-6 65-4 65-9 66-3 66-8 67-6 67-9 68-3 68-10 69-3 70-9 71-5 71-10 72-5 72-9 75-2 75-3 75-5 76-10 81-10 82-2 84-7 84-9 86-4 89-8 89-9 90-3 90-8 91-5 92-2 92-3 92-6 93-1 94-6 95-10 96-1 96-4 97-8 98-8 98-10 99-1 99-7
Hello 1-4
Christian blogmeister won't follow instructions 2-1 3-10 5-2 9-1
Mormons 6-7
Argument wth Intelligent Design science teacher. 1-2
Death awaits us all 4-3
The critical flaw in Darwinism 8-1 10-7
Richard and the Child 6-7
Australia: Bishop says abuse victims dwelling on old wounds 8-4
Do you believe in Ghosts? Part I 16-9
Proof of hell 1-3
hello from the land of cheese 2-4
Why are religious organisations given a tax exemption? 3-2 3-5
Conversation with a friend 2-5
Polystraight fossils 2-6
State church resignation rates 20% up in Finland 2-1 2-3 2-7
My best friend believes I'm going to hell 2-7
Pictures of thee, Thread Part III! 47-9 74-10 75-4
So long for now ... 1-7 2-7
New Zealand "Bible Crisis" 2-1 4-9 6-1 6-3 6-8
Greatest hits of prominent theists' quotes 1-10
Rapture to occur in one week! 1-6
Help me debunk this fool (Cali, I'm looking at you). 4-1
The "Nonsense" of Evolution 2-1 3-2
Does jesus want me to hate my children? 2-4 2-10
From Atheist to total believer... 13-4 29-9 30-8 32-10 37-3 56-3
Where is Richard's Argument? 3-6
Jesus and his false prediction? 2-5 2-7
Why do they always bring up the Crusades and the Inquisition 3-8 6-9 11-1 11-7
Newbie from the Bible Belt 2-4
new here - flame me, but don't kill me, I ain't goin nowhere 1-2
Why is "The Fall" rarely mentioned? 1-7
At what point does the Eucharist... 2-9
Simple Math: Minus multiply by minus makes a plus - why? 1-3 1-9 2-2
And now for something completely different. 1-1
Australian preacher exposed as a fraud. 2-3
"Impossible To Fuse Past Iron" 1-6 1-8 3-8 3-9 4-6 4-10
Father in law issue : need help 3-5
There is a God 3-6 17-3 31-4 35-6
Good video - one for Robert Byers! 6-10
A teacher on the front line as faith and science clash 1-6
Atheistic Stupidity 2-7
The Flagellum 1-8
a big hand please..... for the Great Prophet Zarkwon. 1-3
Why is Cathy Freeman a sporting Icon? 1-3
Is Evolution Really What it Claims to Be? 3-5
How can Atheism reconcile quantum physics? 13-7 14-2 28-4
The No True Scotsman "Fallacy" 13-5 15-10 16-2
My Experience With Demons 2-6 2-9
Randy Ping 2-1
Mom has problems with me being an atheist. 2-3
Contemptible Censorship by BBC blog 2-6
Alternatives to 12 step groups. 3-1
Damn you Aussies. 3-10
Hi! From a research scientist working in directed evolution 1-4
Where should I emigrate to?? 5-10
Surrounded by right-wing, creationists at work 3-5 3-10 4-6
Endogenous Retro Viruses disproved 2-7
Lifting Away the Burden 1-5
Odd News 1-8
White Bengal Tiger Pictures/ and now Snow Leopards! 2-5
My cousin just sent me the stupidest email 1-5
dinosaurs, humans and cave drawings 9-10 10-8
Help ban dihydrogen oxide! 3-1
Attended a church service today, ugh... 1-9
Bible Passages Explained 8-8 8-9 9-3 9-6
Why the theory of evolution is mathematically impossible II 5-10 8-10 9-4 9-5 9-6 9-10 11-7 11-9 13-2 14-8 17-2
$700B bailout bill fails: What are the implications? 2-10
Are jews doomed to go to hell? 4-1
Is it scientifically possible the animals on the ark... 3-6
In the beginning was the Word, but what word was it? 2-10
Hi from Australia 2-4
Looking for: Atheist kids of creationist parents 3-6
"Species and Kind" 3-8
Strategies to stop smoking? 2-8
Charles as President? Not in my name. 5-4
what's your job? 4-10
Australian Authors - Any Recommendations? 1-9 2-1
What are you having for Christmas dinner? 3-3 8-10 9-3
Seeing and the Flight of Fancy in The God Delusion 3-2 11-1
Merry Christmas! 1-1
Physical evidence in modern day humans of evolution? 1-3
ERV's as proof of Evolution? 1-2 1-5 2-4
Alcoholism (mine), as an atheist 1-7
The atheist's paradox 27-7 27-8
Was Jesus real? Once more, but POLITELY this time!!! 14-6
Plane crash in NY - God gets credit for saving all. 2-8
Another Dumb Creationist 9-5
For the Australia Day Long Weekend 1-6
Knowledge of the bible. 2-6
Well here goes... 3-2
what was your ex-religion(s)? 4-1
Why would Evolution have happened at all? 4-4 6-3
What's the BEST argument for god you've ever heard? :) 2-3 2-6
Victoria's Bushfires 1-5 3-5
Refuting Prophecy 1-4
God mistakes in human body design 1-2
How volume of papers does not equal truth 9-1
Dave the Christian on atheists 6-1 9-7
Editorial : Magical Assertionism 3-10
Why is evolution the main target of fundamentalists? 4-9
Questions on the Assault of Christian "Non-Thinking" 3-1 3-5
Need help with a debate! 1-7 2-1
Face of Christ 'appears in cushion' 1-5
Pope: Condoms Not the Answer to AIDS Battle 12-10 25-4
I don't understand how atheists don't see design in nature. 47-1
The Logic Of Atheism 38-1 44-6
Open minded or hard hearted? 48-6 48-9 59-1 65-1 65-3 65-4 70-10 73-10
A Member From TOL 1-5
Hello from B'reshit, a creationist Part I 15-1 15-2 20-6 21-6 22-2 22-3 27-8 37-7 37-8 40-1 41-1 51-2 53-8 54-4 67-7 74-9 88-4 88-7 88-9 93-3 93-5 98-1
Refuses to believe we came from "Monkeys" 4-2
Compass - ABC1 Tonight 29.03.09 - "The Atheists" 1-2
10 Questions Atheists Can't Answer 1-7
You think I should burn in Hell? Forever? 2-2
intelligent design is science 21-7
What happened to the Apostles? 7-4 10-1 10-7 11-4 11-7 12-3 13-2 13-5 14-4 15-9
If God isn't the first cause then what is? 3-4
Hi from FNQ Australia 1-2
I'm glad to be one of you 1-8
How Do Atheists Get Married? 7-6
Intellegent Christian seeks likeminded atheists for debate 5-7 5-10
Aircraft Enthusiasts: Your Favorite Airplanes? 4-10 5-2 12-4 12-6
atheist from Illinois! 1-2
Human Blood and Primate's Blood 1-4
Pictures of thee, Thread Part V! 69-6
Old-earth creationist website on abiogenesis 1-5
Living life to the fullest 3-2 3-9
Hello from a Christian 14-6 15-4 16-1 37-9 39-3 42-6 44-2 44-7 47-5
What's your (first) name? 3-10
Most Beautiful Frontwomen 1-6
Do I Have the Right to Call Myself an Atheist? 1-3
Why would even a proven resurrection be significant? 6-2
Another creationist inconsistency: C-decay vs. fine-tuning 2-6
Which Beauty Will It Be III ? 5-1 9-5
T-rex's soft tissue found? 1-9 3-4 3-10 5-1 7-1 7-10 13-10
Why Evolution is impossible! 6-1 6-3 7-9
Hello from B'reshit, a creationist Part II 17-10 21-4 27-3 39-8 43-2
The writing schedule of Iain Banks 1-2 1-4 1-8
Questions From a Hesitant Neophyte on Evolution 3-8 6-8
A pointed out bible contradiction needed 2-6
Need sly Atheist poem for Catholic wedding! 1-2
What are you doing to enjoy the sun? 1-7
My Reason for My Belief - 2 51-1 52-1
programming the genetic code 2-2
Hi All from Orlando - Deep in the Bible Belt 1-4
Can atheists build civilization? 6-1 7-4 7-5 7-7
Four legged insects, the Bible and "High 5" atheists 16-2
Just Read The God Delusion, It's Me!! 1-2
Atheist's Children 1-9
Michael Jackson Dies at 50 11-5 17-2 28-7
Why am i being moved? 1-2
The Age of the Earth 8-6
Creationism the Bibles Viewpoint 22-4 22-6 22-7 23-7
Is there a method for adding DNA? 1-4
The Chinese are trying to take over America 2-1
Help with a creationist argument against science. 1-2
OT vs. NT 5-5
Question about God and evolution 10-10
The best evidence for creation that i've found is 9-4
When Was the NT Written? 2-6 2-8 16-6 16-8
Sobriety and Atheism 2-1
(Another) theological contradiction in the Bible 1-8 2-3
Your usernames 12-7
Beneficial mutation 1-7
The supernatural origin of the Bible? 7-7 7-8 9-6
Are we supposed to understand the Bible? 3-2
Nature Photography - Photos you took 12-4
Old Earth for the layperson 4-3 6-6 6-7 6-9 7-5 8-5 8-6 35-9
Is RDF The Biggest And Most Active Agnostic/Atheist Forum? 1-9
The judgment of San Francisco and LA in prophecy 20-4 29-3
Died for our sins- what does that mean? 3-7
LDS Thoughts on evolution. 2-1
Scientists, stop being so curious, it's sinful! 3-2
Christian Here! 36-5 37-7
Hate for Reading Dawkins 1-5
How Do Believers Redeem A Failed Prophecy! 3-6
I can prove that Jesus produced miracles. 12-5 15-2
Occams Lazer obsession with plagiarism. 5-4
A few questions from a discussion with a creationist 2-1
Pictures of thee, Part VIII 65-10
Proving God Right Here Right Now 4-1
What Atheism brings... 15-5
I need advice on raising children as free thinkers! 1-5
Darwin's Brave New World on Aussie TV tonight, 1-1
World's Worst Debtor Nations 2-2
CREATIONISTS-READ THIS [Creationist discussion derail] 4-4 6-4 6-7 7-6
"Argument from Consciousness" - a brief debunk 1-2
Mass medication - Flouride in water, folic acid in bread 3-9
Your Thoughts on Debates with Christian Aplogists 2-6
Evolution cannot be replicated? 1-3
How did fish move to land? 5-10 10-8
Pictures of Thy Pets! 4-9 4-10
One of the cornerstones of Christianity 10-9 17-2 18-7 18-8 19-1 19-3
Am I missing something? 35-5 36-9
Responses to criticism of Bart Ehrman 3-1
Best collection of arguements 4-2 5-6 6-5 11-2
The Cambrian Explosion 3-4
Evidence for a Biblical world view 6-9
The Myth that there is no debate in the Scientific Community 28-7
The Pissed Off Thread 2-9
RD calls Ray Comfort an idiot (split thread) 3-1 7-10
Help with Fine Tuning Argument 2-10
Aust: Fundie, denialist, mysogenist - New Opp. Leader! 3-3
What Evidence SHOULD there be? 3-8
Was The Tomb Empty? 41-4
Don't have to read RD's Delusion book 83-9
Hello from Iowa 1-6
Could atheism stand the test of time? 7-9 9-3 10-1 11-8
What would make an evolutionist believe in a creator? 31-9 32-7
Foundation named after Richard 7-8
Answered Prayers 1-5 3-5
A designed universe 48-7
Richard Dawkins to be featured on Elders with Andrew Denton 4-2
Australian who has been dead since 1909 cures the sick 1-5 2-9
This is why I believe. What's your take? 20-10
The Bible is 100% accurate??? Help with debating 3-1 40-7
Armed and Ready for a Creationist 2-6
Atheists Not for Jesus 1-6
Michael Behe-anyone familiar 1-6
How to Disprove Evolution Using Science 8-3
The Bible is 100% accurate??? Part 2 1-2 2-5
Old Farts (13/2): "A fragrant baker's dozen" 18-1 18-10 19-1
Where are the Aussies (in Aussie)? 2 37-9
Mother Teresa? 4-6
Continued discussion on the age of the earth and God 6-6 8-5 21-1 33-8